An assessment of HIV treatment outcomes among utilizers of semi-mobile clinics in rural Kenya

Abstract

HIV/AIDS is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa, and rates of retention in treatment are low. Some research has shown that mobile clinics are effective in connecting people in rural areas with health care. We compared HIV outcomes between HIV-positive patients who chose to access treatment from a regional hospital to those who chose care in one of four semi-mobile clinics closer to where they live. The subjects for this analysis were HIV-positive residents in West Pokot accessing care at one of four semi-mobile sites (Kabichbich, Chepareria, Kacheliba, and Sigor) or at the regional hospital in Kapenguria. We examined four outcome variables between the two groups: (1) retention in HIV treatment, (2) change in CD4 count, (3) adherence to ARVs, and (4) deaths. The patients who chose semi-mobile clinic care were less well educated, poorer, and sicker than those who chose to continue care in the regional hospital. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in any of the four outcome measures. Although the population of patients attending semi-mobile clinics was on average poorer and sicker than those attending the hospital, their outcomes were similar. Care at the semi-mobile clinics did not result in significantly different outcomes from care in the district hospital. This program showed that semi-mobile clinics are a viable alternative to hospital care for very ill, isolated populations, but further measures must be taken to improve retention and adherence in these settings.