An Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury Development, Identification & Correlation of Risk Factors with Various Stages of RIFLE and Outcome of In-Patients at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common and serious problem in clinical medicine characterized by an abrupt decrease in renal function resulting in accumulation of nitrogenous waste products and inability to regulate fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the incidence of AKI development in hospitalized patients according to RIFLE criteria and assesses the co-relation between risk factors and the stages of AKI development. METHOD: A prospective cross sectional observational study was conducted among Acute Kidney Injury patients for a period of about 6 months. RIFLE Criteria was used to assess the patients. Data was analysed using SPSS v.20. Pearson’s chi square tests; correlations and linear regression analysis were used to analyse the data collected. RESULT: A total of 207 patients participated in this study. Majority were females with an age group of 50 and above. The incidence of Acute Kidney Injury according to RIFLE criteria was, Risk 25(12.1%) ,Injury 55(26.6), Failure 79(38.2%) ,Loss 44(21.3) ESRD 4(1.9%).58 patients (28.0%) had 1-4 risk factors ,138 patients(66.7%) had 5-8 risk factors while 11 patients (5.3%) had < 8 risk factors. Co-morbidities (CVS disorders,T2DM,Sepsis and other infections) and Length of Hospital stay were found to have highly a significant co-relation with all stages of RIFLE. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that AKI is often under-recognized despite its prevalence and clearly shows the need for its earlier diagnosis. This study helps to determine the possible risk factors to avoid morbidity and progression to ESRD. Keywords: [Acute Kidney Injury, Risk Factors, RIFLE criteria]