Abstract
During the war it became necessary for the Hell System Companies to lower many service standards. Among these was the standard for the provision of trunks for handling subscriber-dialed calls. In the interest of economy the number of trunks for a given volume of traffic was lowered. It is evident that for any given case there is a lower limit to the number of trunks that should be provided for handling subscriber-dialed calls. Below this limit congestion of calls gets beyond control. The control of congestion is important. In the case of operator-handled calls it is possible to control congestion by filing tickets and placing calls in an orderly fashion. In the case of subscriber-dialed calls the subscriber may with impunity make many, indeed very many, successive dialing attempts to complete a call that is blocked due to a shortage of trunks. If, in a particular office enough subscribers do this simultaneously, a sender shortage may develop with its resulting reaction on the whole office.
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