An approach to virtual environments for visualization using linked geo-referenced panoramic imagery

Abstract

The relentless pace at which technological advances are being made is resulting in a whole series of new digital media, data and data collection devices. The ways in which digital spatial information can be represented are changing and so are the types of use to which digital map products are put. Maps are increasingly used in the analytical stages of the research process for visualization. Cartographers are currently undertaking research into visualization with foci on: the potential for extending the forms of representation and the types of phenomena that are represented; providing mechanisms for interaction with these representations; managing the volumes of data involved; and developing a more complete understanding of their use. Here 360-degree panoramic imagery is used as a means of representing geographic information in a visualization context. Techniques are outlined for linking a number of panoramic images to a geographic base. These methods have been used to create navigable virtual environments in which qualitative and quantitative spatial information is embedded and analytical tools are provided. Such an environment has utility in a number of scenarios and applications. A software implementation that has been designed specifically for use in supporting student fieldwork is introduced and practical experience of using the software provided. It is extremely flexible, taking advantage of Internet protocols to communicate with remote databases that can be searched for spatial information and providing a virtual environment for visualization that acts as a geo-graphic user interface to multimedia information.