Abstract
While the number of the vehicle actuated with liquid fuels are settled, the count of electric vehicles is increasing. For the present moment most of them are scheduled for daily urban usage. This paper presents an analytical approach for estimation of the impact of electrical vehicle (EV) battery charging on the distribution grid. Based on the EV charge profile, load curve and local distributed generation the grid nodes, the time variation of grid parameters is obtained. A set of typical load profiles of EV charging modes is studied and presented. A software implementation and a 24h case study of low voltage distribution network with EV charging devices is presented in order to illustrate the approach and the impacts of EV charging on the grid. In the current paper an approach using variable nonlinear algebraic equations for dynamic time domain analysis of the charge of the electric vehicles is presented. Based on the results, the challenges due to EV charging in distribution networks including renewable energy sources are discussed. This approach is widely applicable for various EV charging and distributed energy resources studies considering control algorithms, grid stability analysis, smart grid power management and other power system analysis problems.
Highlights
In order to preserve the environment through a reduction of harmful emissions, in our days the usage of the electric vehicles is growing
It is established that their charge stations are a major challenge for low voltage distribution networks stability [1, 2]
In the case of unidirectional charging devices the charging process can be represented as a distributed load to reduce grid congestion
Summary
In order to preserve the environment through a reduction of harmful emissions, in our days the usage of the electric vehicles is growing. The simultaneous operation of multiple EV charge stations represents a significant load for which most of the distribution grids are not designed for. For this reason, the influence of various EV charge profiles on microgrids is a topic of interest [3]. Objective of the proposed solution is the implementation of a schedule which supports the grid at peak load periods using the energy storage elements of electric vehicles. This can be done by using bidirectional charging devices for EV – in this way they can consume energy in periods of excess production and supply it to the local grid afterwards. As a result, balancing of the daily energy flows can be achieved
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