Abstract
Building upon the advancements in the recent years, a new paradigm in technology has emerged in Internet of Things (IoT). IoT has allowed for communication with the surrounding environment through a multitude of sensors and actuators, yet operating on limited energy. Several researchers have presented IoT architectures for respective applications, often challenged by requiring major updates for adoption to a different application. Further, this comes with several uncertainties such as type of computational device required at the edge, mode of wireless connectivity required, methods to obtain power efficiency, and not ensuring rapid deployment. This paper starts with providing a horizontal overview of each layer in IoT architecture and options for different applications. Then it presents a broad application-driven modular architecture, which can be easily customized for rapid deployment. This paper presents the diverse hardware used in several IoT layers such as sensors, embedded processors, wireless transceivers, internet gateway, and application management cloud server. Later, this paper presents implementation results for diverse applications including healthcare, structural health monitoring, agriculture, and indoor tour guide systems. It is hoped that this research will assist the potential user to easily choose IoT hardware and software as it pertains to their respective needs.
Highlights
The “Internet of Things (IoT)” refers to a global network of objects, or “things,” seamlessly connected to the internet which can fundamentally shift the way we interact with our surroundings
We propose a modular IoT architecture that can be configured to serve the needs of different IoT applications including but not limited to (i) smart home, city, industry for environment control, optimizing energy usage, and automating appliances; (ii) agriculture for soil and temperature monitoring, optimal usage of irrigation systems, and early detection of plant diseases; (iii) healthcare for monitoring patient physiological parameters and remote motion tracking to name a few
An internet gateway in the proposed modular IoT architecture is mainly composed of four modules: (1) a low-power wireless interface module, which serves as a means to receive data wirelessly from the several nodes in its vicinity, (2) a data collection module, which offers the memory space needed to collect all the data received from the nodes, (3) an MCU or single-board computer that performs intermediate data analysis, (4) and a high-rate wireless/wired interface that passes output data to the application management server for storage and detailed analysis
Summary
The “Internet of Things (IoT)” refers to a global network of objects, or “things,” seamlessly connected to the internet which can fundamentally shift the way we interact with our surroundings. We propose a modular IoT architecture that can be configured to serve the needs of different IoT applications including but not limited to (i) smart home, city, industry for environment control, optimizing energy usage, and automating appliances; (ii) agriculture for soil and temperature monitoring, optimal usage of irrigation systems, and early detection of plant diseases; (iii) healthcare for monitoring patient physiological parameters and remote motion tracking to name a few This architecture is comprised of five modules: the physical sensor and actuator module that collects information and applies the needed feedback actions, a processing unit that captures and analyzes sensor data, wireless transceivers for sharing information, a gateway microcontroller/computer that manages the data from several microcontrollers and parses the data, and an application management cloud server in which the data storage and processing take place.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
