Abstract
In this work, an Appliance Scheduling-based Residential Energy Management System (AS-REMS) for reducing electricity cost and avoiding peak demand while keeping user comfort is presented. In AS-REMS, based on the effects of starting times of appliances on user comfort and the user attendance during their operations, appliances are divided into two classes in terms of controllability: MC-controllable (allowed to be scheduled by the Main Controller) and user-controllable (allowed to be scheduled only by a user). Use of all appliances are monitored in the considered home for a while for recording users’ appliance usage preferences and habits on each day of the week. Then, for each MC-controllable appliance, preferred starting times are determined and prioritized according to the recorded user preferences on similar days. When scheduling, assigned priorities of starting times of these appliances are considered for maintaining user comfort, while the tariff rate is considered for reducing electricity cost. Moreover, expected power consumptions of user-controllable appliances corresponding to the recorded user habits and power consumptions of MC-controllable appliances corresponding to the assigned starting times are considered for avoiding peak demand. The corresponding scheduling problem is solved by Brute-Force Closest Pair method. AS-REMS reduces the peak demand levels by 45% and the electricity costs by 39.6%, while provides the highest level of user comfort by 88%. Thus, users’ appliance usage preferences are sustained at a lower cost while their comfort is kept impressively.
Highlights
Grid malfunctions may pose serious problems affecting the public’s social life, such as disruption of health and transportation activities in the city. For both residential users and energy provider sides, avoiding peak demand parameters should be considered in REM studies
The sum of expected power consumption of user-controllable appliances corresponding to the recorded user habits, and the power consumption of Main Controller (MC)-controllable appliances corresponding to the assigned starting times is obtained as the total power consumption of considered home which is taken into account for avoiding peak demand, while the tariff rate is considered for reducing the electricity cost
The total electricity cost of MC-controllable appliances ai ∈ L MC induced by starting a a their operation at times ts i ∈ TSDi in a day d ∈ D is calculated in Equation (10)
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Grid malfunctions may pose serious problems affecting the public’s social life, such as disruption of health and transportation activities in the city For both residential users and energy provider sides, avoiding peak demand parameters should be considered in REM studies. Authors in [6] presented a multi-objective optimization model to reduce the electricity cost as well as the inconvenience level of the home user They evaluated the performance of the proposed method by using the energy consumption patterns of several different social-economic Brazilian families. Sensors 2021, 21, 3287 into consideration besides reducing the electricity cost and avoiding the peak demand in these works, ignoring user preferences and allowing comprehensive intervention to some appliances kept the user comfort at a limited level.
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