An antigen common to chronic lymphocytic and hairy cell leukemia cells not shared by normal lymphocytes or by other leukemic cells

Abstract

Rabbit xenoantisera and mouse monoclonal antibodies prepared against human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells were found to react against a single polypeptide chain with a mol wt of 69 kd found on leukemic cells of all CLL (N = 40) and B type hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients (N = 9) examined. This common CLL-associated antigen (cCLLa) was not detectable on circulating T or B lymphocytes, thymocytes, lymph node and splenic lymphocytes, or bone marrow leukocytes from normal persons. In addition, the cCLLa was not detectable on cultured T or B lymphoblastoid cell lines or on malignant cells from other forms of lymphocytic or myelocytic leukemia. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells also failed to express the antigen. Autologous cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from residual normal B cells from a CLL patient whose cells were used to generate one of the antisera. Absorption of the antibody with these cultured polyclonal B cells did not affect the anti-CLL activity, which suggests that the cCLLa is not HLA related. Unlike the T cell differentiation complex gp65–71, the cCLLa was not expressed on fetal or cord blood lymphocytes or on mitogen-stimulated normal lymphocytes and was distinct from the antigen recognized by the LEU-1 antibody in spite of their similar mol wt. The cCLLa was also determined to be unrelated to the human T cell leukemia lymphoma virus (HTLV-1). One of the monoclonal antibodies generated against the cCLLa was a complement binding IgG which exhibited highly selective cytotoxic activity against 100% of cells bearing the cCLLa. Such an antibody might prove clinically useful in early diagnosis and treatment of CLL and HCL.