An Antibody Persistent and Protective Two rSsCLP-Based Subunit Cocktail Vaccine against Sarcoptes scabiei in a Rabbit Model.

Nengxing Shen,Yue Xie,Yuanyuan Tao,Wenrui Wei,Guangyou Yang,Xuerong Peng,Yuhang Chen,Yongjun Ren,Xiaobin Gu,Lang Xiong

doi:10.3390/vaccines8010129

Nengxing Shen, Yue Xie + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010129

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Abstract

Scabies is a highly contagious disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei which burrows into stratum corneum of host’s skin. In this study, after optimizing vaccination schedule, a vaccination trial is comprised of three test groups of rabbits (n = 10/group) by immunization with (1) rSsCLP5; (2) rSsCLP12; or (3) a mixture of rSsCLP5 and rSsCLP12, three biological replicates groups (n = 10/group) and three control groups (n = 10/group). Levels of specific IgG, total IgE and cytokines in sera were detected and histopathologically analyzed as indicators of vaccine effects. The results showed that 85% (17/20) of rabbits exhibited no detectable skin lesions of S. scabiei infestation in mixed protein groups compared to single protein groups with 75% (15/20) and 70% (14/20), respectively. Moreover, the deworming rates of mixed groups are increased by 10%–20% compared with that of single groups. Each of six groups immunized with rSsCLP displayed significant increases of specific IgG, total IgE, IL-10, and TNF-α. The degree of skin damage in test groups also significantly lower than that of control groups. Thus, purified rSsCLP5 and rSsCLP12 subunit cocktail vaccine induced robust immune protection and could significantly decrease mite populations to reduce the direct transmission between rabbits.

Highlights

Scabies is a highly contactable contagious infection of the skin caused by the etiological agent, Sarcoptes scabiei, burrowing into the stratum corneum of the host’s skin [1,2]
In our previous study conducted in 2018 [24], we found that 74.3% (26/35) of rabbits immunized with rSsCLP5 displayed no detectable lesions following a challenge with S. scabiei
At 10 dpi, the clinical symptoms in two single vaccinated groups manifested in approximately 70% of the rabbits weakened or disappeared and showed no significant differences compared to the mite free rabbits

Summary

Introduction

Scabies is a highly contactable contagious infection of the skin caused by the etiological agent, Sarcoptes scabiei, burrowing into the stratum corneum of the host’s skin [1,2]. Scabies was added to the World Health Organization (WHO) Neglected Tropical Diseases portfolio in 2017 [3]. More than 100 species of mammals suffer from sarcoptic mange infestation caused by. It was reported that approximately 100 million individuals suffer from an infestation of the scabies mite throughout the world [5]. As a global disease, scabies is widely distributed in indigenous populations [6] and impoverished regions of developing countries [5,7,8].

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