An antibacterial biologic patch based on bacterial cellulose for repair of infected hernias

Abstract

Infection-associated complications and repair failures and antibiotic resistance have emerged as a formidable challenge in hernia repair surgery. Consequently, the development of antibiotic-free antibacterial patches for hernia repair has become an exigent clinical necessity. Herein, a GBC/Gel/LL37 biological patch (biopatch) with exceptional antibacterial properties is fabricated by grafting 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (METAC), a unique quaternary ammonium salt with vinyl, onto bacterial cellulose (GBC), followed by compounding with gelatin (Gel) and LL37. The GBC/Gel/LL37 biopatch exhibits stable swelling capacity, remarkable mechanical properties, flexibility, and favorable biocompatibility. The synergistic effect of METAC and LL37 confers upon the GBC/Gel/LL37 biopatch excellent antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, effectively eliminating invading bacteria without the aid of exogenous antibiotics in vivo while significantly reducing local acute inflammation caused by infection. Furthermore, the practical efficacy of the GBC/Gel/LL37 biopatch is evaluated in an infected ventral hernia model, revealing that the GBC/Gel/LL37 biopatch can prevent the formation of visceral adhesions, facilitate the repair of infected ventral hernia, and effectively mitigate chronic inflammation. The prepared antibacterial GBC/Gel/LL37 biopatch is very effective in dealing with the risk of infection in hernia repair surgery and offers potential clinical opportunities for other soft injuries, exhibiting considerable clinical application prospects.