Abstract
AbstractA finite element formulation for a 3D beam is presented to model rod like piezoelectric structures. Piezoelectricity is described by a mixed field theory that couples mechanical and electrical quantities. In this work the coupling between the mechanical stress and the electric displacement is considered. Therefore a 3D beam element formulation with nine degrees of freedom per node is introduced. Due to the poling process, the piezoelectric materials have anisotropic material properties which are taken into account in the presented beam formulation. Further more we suggest a special approximation for the electric potential through the cross‐section of the beam. An excentric beam formulation is used to model the layerwise design that is often found on piezoelectic structures.
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