Abstract
The tire mechanical characteristics under combined cornering and braking/driving situations have significant effects on vehicle directional controls. The objective of this paper is to present an analytical tire model with flexible carcass for combined slip situations, which can describe tire behavior well and can also be used for studying vehicle dynamics. The tire forces and moments come mainly from the shear stress and sliding friction at the tread-road interface. In order to describe complicated tire characteristics and tire-road friction, some key factors are considered in this model: arbitrary pressure distribution; translational, bending, and twisting compliance of the carcass; dynamic friction coefficient; anisotropic stiffness properties. The analytical tire model can describe tire forces and moments accurately under combined slip conditions. Some important properties induced by flexible carcass can also be reflected. The structural parameters of a tire can be identified from tire measurements and the computational results using the analytical model show good agreement with test data.
Highlights
Tires are the only components of a road vehicle to directly contact with the road surface, and the forces and moments generated in the contact patch have significant effects on the vehicle performance [1,2,3,4]
The empirical models are often employed for the vehicle simulation and control, which rely basically on curve-fitted experimental data and can provide a good representation of experimental data for longitudinal force, lateral force, and aligning moment
(1) Dynamic friction coefficient: Figure 7 shows the longitudinal force under combined slip conditions
Summary
Tires are the only components of a road vehicle to directly contact with the road surface, and the forces and moments generated in the contact patch have significant effects on the vehicle performance [1,2,3,4]. A huge number of tire models have been proposed for use in calculating the forces and moments at the tire-road interface [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. Empirical models would become quite complicated without theoretical support while considering all kinds of operating variables, such as slip angle, inclination angle, slip ratio, vertical load, inflation pressure, road friction, and rolling speed. It can be employed to derive some useful qualitative conclusions for understanding tire properties, but most of these models are either relatively simple or more complicated, which limit their practical use. The analytical model would become more suitable for application and appropriate for analyzing tire properties in detail
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