An analytical model to predict and minimize the residual stress of laser cladding process

N. Tamanna,I. R. Kabir,S. Naher,R. Crouch

doi:10.1007/s00339-018-1585-6

Abstract

Laser cladding is one of the advanced thermal techniques used to repair or modify the surface properties of high-value components such as tools, military and aerospace parts. Unfortunately, tensile residual stresses are generated in the thermally treated area of this process. This work focuses on to investigate the key factors for the formation of tensile residual stress and how to minimize it in the clad when using dissimilar substrate and clad materials. To predict the tensile residual stress, a one-dimensional analytical model has been adopted. Four cladding materials (Al2O3, TiC, TiO2, ZrO2) on the H13 tool steel substrate and a range of preheating temperatures of the substrate, from 300 to 1200 K, have been investigated. Thermal strain and Young’s modulus are found to be the key factors of formation of tensile residual stresses. Additionally, it is found that using a preheating temperature of the substrate immediately before laser cladding showed the reduction of residual stress.

Highlights

Introduction to the style guideLaser cladding (LC) is one of the advantageous thermal techniques over thermal spraying, plasma spraying and arc welding [1]
A simplified model was adopted to calculate the residual stress as shown in Fig. 1 considering the elastic and the thermal strain. is the normal tensile residual stress [3, 22]. , E and h are defined as the thermal expansion coefficient, Young’s modulus and thickness, respectively
The minimum residual stress was formed for Al2O3 cladding material

Summary

Introduction

Introduction to the style guideLaser cladding (LC) is one of the advantageous thermal techniques over thermal spraying, plasma spraying and arc welding [1]. To predict the tensile residual stress, a simplified analytical model was established based on the elastic mechanics for dissimilar materials by Wang et al [3]. Dissimilar cladding and substrate materials have been examined [4] These models and experimental works do not explain the effect of different properties of cladding materials on residual stresses when the same substrate material was used. Other thermal cladding process such as thermal spray [13] and plasma spray [14] showed the differences of residual stress for different cladding materials on the same substrate. To minimize residual stresses, deposition of functionally graded material are used This process can minimize the differences of mismatch of thermal strain between materials [15]. It is required to develop an understanding of the influence of materials properties on the formation of residual stresses

Methods

Results

Conclusion