Abstract
A gynecological malignancy with a high mortality rate and a variety of forms, ovarian cancer is challenging to identify early and prevent. Numerous studies have examined the expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tissue and serum samples of patients to discover pertinent biomarkers for ovarian cancer. Functional tests also demonstrated that a number of miRNAs had oncogenic or suppressive effects. Despite the invention of various biological markers, mostly mRNA and protein, ovarian cancer mortality remains a problem due to late detection, which is related to low specificities and sensitivities. Recent advancements in expression biology have turned towards this compulsive direction for cancer diagnosis and prognosis; focusing on identification and development of specific and sensitive biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNAs). A number of miRNAs, including miR-23b, miR- 146b, miR-200-a/b/c, miR-630, miR-31 influence the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway, modulating ovarian cancer cell invasiveness. MiRNAs have such a broad range of functions in ovarian cancer that they have been recommended as potential treatment strategies in the future. In this review, we discuss the role of various micro RNAs and the genes they target in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, as well as the potential applications of these molecules as biomarkers.
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