Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess the effects of various variables of the relationship among bullying behaviors of students who are sports spectators studying in the Faculty of Sports Sciences. Quantitative method and survey model have been used in order to define and explain the existing cases in the study. Descriptive method has been used to determine the bullying behavior levels of 311 male and 117 female students studying in the Faculties of Sports Sciences of Ataturk and Inonu Universities in 2018-2019 academic year. In order to analyze the relationship between both variables in the research on the other hand, a relational method has been used. “Bullying Scale of Sports Spectators” has also been used in the research as a data collection tool (Karaca, 2019). The type of scale is one-dimensional five point Likert scale and it comprises 15 questions. Both survey and relational models have been used in the study. There are significant differences found with respect to the variables: Gender, department of study, family income and education statuses, places to spectate the matches and their frequency, attending away matches and lastly memberships to fan clubs. On the other hand, there is no significant difference found between bullying behavior and the ages of students, their social media account ownerships, their social media usage purposes and the devices they use for their social media accounts.
Highlights
Sports competitions can transform from being a competition for especially young spectators into an inspiration for shaping psychological and political individuality and status
It is appropriate to state that males show more bullying behavior than females (Table 2)
Bullying is mostly done by male students because they see it as a means of expressing themselves and resolving conflicts (İrfaner, 2009)
Summary
Sports competitions can transform from being a competition for especially young spectators into an inspiration for shaping psychological and political individuality and status. Such an environment gives a chance to turn the emotions and thoughts of sports spectators to such behaviors, which cannot be normally expressed by them due to cultural and moral oppression. According to Olweus (1999), in order for an action to be considered as bullying, the three basic qualities are needed: Intentional violent behavior targeted towards the individual(s) in the position of prey with the purpose of harming them, the behavior showing continuity and lastly a disequilibrium of power present between the bully and the victim. Berger on the other hand (2007) claims; random friendly banter or disrupting behavior is not considered as bullying, but offending behavior is considered as bullying
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