Abstract
Biosludge is a by-product of secondary wastewater treatment processes. Due to its high contents of organic carbon and plant nutrients, this bioresource can be practically reused as raw feedstock for making organic fertilizers and building materials. The objective of this paper was to provide a preliminary analysis of biosludge utilization in Taiwan, including food processing sludge, wine brewery sludge, textile sludge, pulp sludge and agricultural sludge. The discussion focused on the status of biosludge generation in recent years (2004–2010), and its sustainable management principle. This paper also presents updated information about the governmental regulations and policies for promoting these biosolids as material resources, as well as validating the regulatory levels of toxic constituents in the biosludge and its derived product (e.g., organic fertilizer). Based on the preliminary benefit analysis of utilizing biosludge as raw material for organic fertilizer, reusing biosludge, being a beneficial resource, should be superior to those by traditional treatments (i.e., incineration and sanitary landfill).
Highlights
It is well known that elimination of biodegradable pollutants from industrial and agricultural effluents, using an activated sludge process, has been considered to be the most suitable method for lowering their negative discharges into sewers or the receiving water body
In our previous paper [4], we presented a comprehensive description about the governmental regulations and policies for promoting industrial waste as energy source in Taiwan
In response to the demand for a sustainable waste management in Taiwan, the waste-to-material system has been established through a regulatory framework under the “joint-venture” of the ministry-level departments in the past decade
Summary
It is well known that elimination of biodegradable pollutants from industrial and agricultural effluents, using an activated sludge process, has been considered to be the most suitable method for lowering their negative discharges into sewers or the receiving water body. Due to advances in waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies, predicted future energy shortages and global warming issues, recovery of energy from various types of agricultural and industrial biosludge has received much attention in recent years [2] These approaches could cause public concern due to the possible adverse effects of the toxic and odorous pollutant emissions in the biosludge-to-energy facility. The open-access documents officially published by the Taiwan central government were used to provide a systemic and analytical description about the utilization of biosludge as raw material for material resources These biosludge resources include food processing sludge (FPS), wine brewing sludge (WBS), pulp sludge (PS), textile sludge (TS) and agricultural sludge (AS). The environmental regulations and related policies on promoting biosludge as material resources in Taiwan as well as its preliminary benefit analysis were further discussed
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