Abstract
The nature of information (conceptual) systems is studied using a system–object approach. The conclusion is made that the hierarchies of conceptual and material systems are an object-oriented system, whose conceptual systems are external systems (class systems) that determine the properties of specific objects, and objects–material or internal systems (systems–phenomena) that perform real interactions. The results of a formal description of the hierarchy of conceptual systems are considered, taking their interconnection into account by formalization using descriptive logic of some provisions of the system–object approach. The syntax and semantics of the ALCOIQ descriptive logic and its extension to the SHOIQ logic are described. The SHOIQ logic is introduced; it formally describes the concepts of the volume and content of a conceptual system that expand system theory based on a system–object approach.
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