Abstract
The main aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of breeding lines derived from bread wheat and spelt (bread wheat cvs. Zebra, Torka and Kontesa; spelt breeding lines S10–S14) in terms of their resistance to infections caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and Puccinia triticina Eriks. The genomes of all analyzed lines harbored the markers for Pm2a, Pm4b and Pm6a alleles, which confer resistance to the infection caused by B. graminis f. sp. tritici. The markers for Pm4c and Pm4a alleles were also identified in many objects. The high number of Pm markers was noted in the crosses Zebra × S11 and Zebra × S12 whose genomes harbored the markers for Pm2a, Pm3d, Pm4a-4c and Pm6. Most of the studied lines harbored the marker linked to the Lr10 gene, which encodes resistance to the infection caused by P. triticina in wheat. The analysis of the presence of markers linked to the resistance to infections caused by B. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. triticina demonstrated that Zebra × S12 was the most promising breeding line with the highest number of markers for genes/alleles encoding resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust. This breeding line was also highly resistant to both pathogens under field conditions.
Highlights
Biodiversity conservation in crops, in particular wheat, is one of the greatest challenges facing cereal breeders in the 21st century [1]
The marker linked to the Pm2a allele was present in each object, and its frequency analyzed wheat-spelt lines
The marker linked to the Pm2a allele was present in each object, and its was high in the bread wheat cultivars examined by Kowalczyk et al [41]
Summary
Biodiversity conservation in crops, in particular wheat, is one of the greatest challenges facing cereal breeders in the 21st century [1]. Modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties have to be characterized by high yields, high protein content, as well as high resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors [2]. Only a limited number of local varieties, many of which are closely interrelated, can be used as breeding materials, which narrows down the gene pool of bread wheat [4]. For this reason, taxa that are closely related to T. aestivum are increasingly used for the creative breeding of new varieties with desirable agronomic traits, high nutritional value, high processing suitability, as well as resistance to the most dangerous fungal pathogens [5]. Spelt is produced mainly in organic farms because it has lower agronomic requirements than bread wheat and can be grown in Agronomy 2020, 10, 658; doi:10.3390/agronomy10050658 www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy
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