An Analysis of Regional Integration in South Asia

Abstract

This chapter analyses the concept of regional integration in light of South Asia, which is one of the least integrated regions globally. It starts by examining regional integration in South Asia, and outlines why there has been no integration, and cooperation thus far. Subsequently, it posits that integration of the South-Asian region, or any other region for that matter, requires the collaboration, and good will of the key regional players. All regions which are integrated economically, or militarily, or both, require the cooperation between key regional players. This chapter sheds light on the prerequisites of regional integration in South Asia, if it were to materialise in the near or distant future. Furthermore, it scrutinises the regional organisation SAARC, and makes comparisons with other regional processes across the globe such as Europe, North America, and South East Asia with South-Asia. It highlights certain dynamics between India and Pakistan and assesses the role of regional powers in a regional integration process. The chapter postulates that outright hostility, or lack of cooperation and trust between key regional players severely impedes regional integration. It also briefly addresses the Kashmir conflict, which is a root cause of hostilities between India and Pakistan. As evidence indicates, for regional integration of South Asia to materialise, the resolution of this conflict is vital. This chapter concludes by assessing in light of the past and present dynamics in Kashmir, as well as the overall nature of bilateral relations between the regional powers, South Asia as a region is highly unlikely to witness integration, at least in the near future. Consequently, it sheds light on sub-regional organisations such as SASEC and BIMSTEC. It postulates that for South Asia to become a developed, industrialised and a positively peaceful society, the conflict between India and Pakistan needs resolution as a prerequisite, the odds for which are not too favourable.