Abstract
The ascending trend of photo-voltaic (PV) utilization on a domestic scale in Finland, calls for a technical aspects review of low voltage (LV) networks. This work investigates the technical factors that limit the PV hosting capacity, in realistic case networks, designed relative to different geographical areas of Finland. A Monte Carlo method based analysis was performed, in order to quantify the hosting capacity of the formulated networks, with balanced and unbalanced feeds, in PV systems and their limiting constraints were evaluated. Finally, the effectiveness of on-load tap changer (OLTC) in increasing the PV penetration, when employed in the LV system, was investigated.
Highlights
The Finnish government has taken the initiative to increase renewable energy production, to satisfy half of the national power consumption by 2030 [1]
This study proposes a Monte Carlo (MC) based investigation of PV hosting capacity for various
MC simulations were conducted for all three medium voltage (MV) grid voltage changes, for defined geographical regions
Summary
The Finnish government has taken the initiative to increase renewable energy production, to satisfy half of the national power consumption by 2030 [1]. The feed-in tariff scheme introduced, will further increase PV penetration into the LV distribution system and the primary function of LV networks, i.e., electrical energy distribution, will be reverted. Reverse power flow is implicit during the high generation periods of PVs. Previously, various impact studies of the distributed generation (DG) on distribution network constraints have been conducted and the common problem, associated with PV hosting capacity enhancement, is voltage rise [3,4]. Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) have to critically review the loading constraints of the network—for instance, transformer loading and cable ampacity—before deciding on PV inclusion
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