An Analysis of Mental Health Specialization among Zimbabwean Health Professionals, Against the Backdrop of a Soaring Global Mental Health Burden

Abstract

Background: an estimated 1.3 million Zimbabweans suffer from various forms of mental illness. The problem is compounded by an extremely low number of practicing mental health professionals. The harsh economic environment in the country has had a toll on the mental well-being of many people. The country has several training programs in mental health despite the shortage of these professionals. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore non-mental health professionals perceptions on specialization, especially concerning the field of mental health. Methods: The study was qualitative in nature. 12 participants from each of the professions of social workers, occupational therapists, nurses, and doctors were recruited for the study using purposive sampling. The subjects were from Parirenyatwa Hospital and St Giles Rehabilitation Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe. The instrument was a 7 question semi-structured interview administered either face to face or via telephone calls. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 3 themes emerged and these related to: the factors considered when choosing a profession or specialty, factors that discourage health professionals from specializing in mental health and, the views of non-mental health staff towards mental health professionals. Aspects of a high job market, high income, prestige, passion to save lives, family traditions and, inspirational role models were important for career choices.