Abstract
The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis on selected alternative systems was carried out to reduce the demand for potable water and energy in a detached house designed in accordance with the concept of environmentally friendly house. The tests included a rainwater harvesting system, graywater recycling system, solar panels, photovoltaic panels, air heat pumps, ground heat pumps, wind turbines, drain water heat recovery units, and biomass boilers. The analysis was made for many investment variants where different combinations of the mentioned solutions were applied. In addition to the LCC analysis, some tests were also carried out to determine an impact of the investment options on the environment. This was done by calculating CO2, SO2, NOx, CO and dust emissions. The research was carried out for a different number of occupants and variable levels of water consumption, which allowed determining the impact of these parameters on the results obtained. They showed that for any of the computational cases the traditional option of the installation was not the most advantageous solution in financial and environmental terms, and the systems in question could be an alternative to this option. Thanks to their implementation, the consumption of fossil energy resources and natural water resources will be reduced, and the emission of pollutants will be limited, which will contribute to an improvement of the natural environment.
Highlights
The world is facing serious environmental problems related to climate changes, population growth, urbanization, depletion of the ozone layer and global warming
The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) values obtained indicated that the most favorable variant in a situation where the installation was operated by 2 occupants regardless of the showering time lsh was always Variant 1, where rainwater is used and energy needs of the building are covered by biomass boiler, solar panels and photovoltaic panels
The lowest CO2 emissions were obtained for Variant 3 and Variant 4 where a ground heat pump and a wind turbine were an alternative heat source, except when the installation was used by 4 people and the duration of showering lsh was min/person/day or 10 min/person/day
Summary
The world is facing serious environmental problems related to climate changes, population growth, urbanization, depletion of the ozone layer and global warming. Actions taken by many countries, resulting from conventions and international commitments, aim to limit global warming [5]. These activities are based on a strategy for an implementation of distributed decentralized energy systems that connect local renewable and recoverable energy resources [6,7]. Such solutions guarantee flexibility and security of energy supply, but are beneficial in financial and environmental terms
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
