An analysis of clinical presentations and etiology of optic disc oedema

Abstract

This study was performed to evaluate the various etiologies and clinical presentations in patients of optic disc oedema.This study was a cross sectional observational study which was carried out at Government Medical College Surat, a tertiary care center of South Gujarat, during the period from December 2018 to January 2020. A detailed history was taken to determine the presenting symptoms for the disease. Detailed and thorough ocular examination was performed to each and every patient included in the study which comprised of Acuity of vision, Color Vision, reaction of pupil, Examination on slit lamp, Examination of fundus with Indirect Ophthalmoscopy and 78D lens with Fundus photography. Blood investigations, OCT, Visual field testing and MRI was performed when required.50 consecutive cases of optic disc oedema presented at tertiary care center were included in this study. Amongst them 29 were male and 21 females. Amongst this 50 patients 23 patients had optic neuritis, 10 patients had papilloedema, 4 patients had grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy, 3 patients had anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), 3 patients had neuroretinitis, 2 patients had diabetic papillopathy,2 patients had central retinal vein occlusion, 2 patients had traumatic optic neuropathy and 1 patient had Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome. On evaluation it was found that 46% patients had optic neuritis, 20% patients had papilloedema, 8% patients had grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy, 6% patients had anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), 6% patients had neuroretinitis, 4% patients had diabetic papillopathy, 4% patients had central retinal vein occlusion, 4% patients had traumatic optic neuropathy and 2% patient had Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome. Patients presented to us with most common complaint of dimness of vision (62%) followed by headache (36%), eye ache (26%), floaters (4%) and bilateral diplopia (2%).In this study, Optic neuritis was the most common etiology and dimness of vision was the most common presenting symptom in cases of optic disc swelling.