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Abstract
Security issues involving overseas Chinese in Africa have been increasing recently, attracting extensive attention. Based on statistics gathered from the official website of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, and a questionnaire survey put to Chinese enterprises operating in Africa, the author summarizes various security risks which Chinese confront in Africa. The nature of the risks vary, including political risk, social security risk, risks caused by unlawful acts of Chinese citizens themselves, pandemic diseases, terrorist attacks, piracy, traffic accidents, financial fraud and natural disasters. The work explores how Chinese embassies and consulates in Africa, with the cooperation of Chinese companies, have established a diversified prevention mechanism and an efficient crisis response system in order to provide better protection to Chinese enterprises and citizens in Africa. The paper also addresses some of the pressing issues which still need to be addressed with regards to China’s consular protection practice in Africa.
Highlights
In terms of China’s “going out” strategy, Africa serves as one of China’s fastest growing destinations for project contracting and foreign direct investment
Protection services extending beyond consular protection is an important aspect of this work, to Chinese enterprises, where many Chinese citizens based in foreign countries work (Department of Consular Affairs 2010)
Chinese enterprises and citizens directly affected by terrorist activities can be divided into two cases, one in which Chinese citizens are directly targeted and the other where they are unfortunate, collateral victims of broader attacks which do not target Chinese persons or enterprises
Summary
In terms of China’s “going out” strategy, Africa serves as one of China’s fastest growing destinations for project contracting and foreign direct investment. As of June 2012, more than 2,000 Chinese enterprises of various kinds in Africa were engaged within 50 African countries (People’s Daily 2012 a). The issue of protection has become a prominent issue, with African countries such as Egypt, Sudan, Congo (DRC), Nigeria and Ghana, amongst others, witnessing security incidents involving Chinese citizens. From July to September 2012, the author conducted a questionnaire in 18 African countries which surveyed 128 Chinese-funded enterprises. Through a textual analysis of the questionnaire, this paper outlines the general characteristics of security threats both encountered and posed by Chinese citizens in Africa. Protection services extending beyond consular protection is an important aspect of this work, to Chinese enterprises, where many Chinese citizens based in foreign countries work (Department of Consular Affairs 2010)
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