AN ANALYSIS OF A PREOPERATIVE PHYSIOTHERAPY AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LIMB RECONSTRUCTION SERVICE FOR CHILDREN WITH PERTHES’ DISEASE IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND

Abstract

IntroductionLegg-Calve-Perthes (Perthes Disease) was first recognised by three physicians, Arthur Legg (1874–1939), Jacqui Calve (1875–1954) and George Perthes (1869 – 1927) in 1910. Perthes disease is a rare childhood condition that affects the hip. It occurs when the blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted. Without this blood supply, the bone cells die and avascular necrosis can occur. The Herring classification is used to diagnose the stages of Perthes Disease. It is an important prognostic factor. There are three classifications, Herring A, B and C. Herring A has no involvement of the lateral pillar with no density changes noted on x-ray. Herring B has at least 50% of the lateral pillar height maintained on x-ray. Herring C has less than 50% of the lateral pillar height on x-ray (Herring et al, 1992). Children with Perthes disease require specialist Limb Reconstruction team throughout their treatment journey, this includes Orthopaedic surgery and therapy (Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy). The National Limb Reconstruction Therapy Team is based at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Cappagh. The therapy team consists of 1 Clinical Specialist Physiotherapist, 1 Senior Physiotherapist and 1 Senior Occupational Therapist who provide input to this cohort. This study aims to analyse the importance of a comprehensive pre-operative assessment by the therapy team (Physiotherapist and Occupational Therapist) to maximise patient outcomes post operatively.MethodologyThis is a quantitative research study conducted by the National Limb Reconstructive Therapy Service of the National Orthopaedic Hospital in Cappagh, Dublin. The inclusion criteria for this study consisted of:Age – Patient must be part of the Paediatric Service, i.e., under the age of 16.Diagnosis – Patient must have a diagnosis of Perthes Disease with a Herring Classification documented.Application of a Hip Distractor Frame formed part of the patient's surgical management.Surgery was completed by Mr Connor Green.Surgery was completed between January 2021 and December 2022.Patient were required to have their external hip distractor frame removed by December 2022.Exclusion Criteria: Those not meeting the above inclusion criteria. Following the inclusion criteria, a number of cases were identified of which 10 cases were selected at random. A retrospective analysis of these samples was completed. The medical charts were reviewed as well as patient electronic healthcare records. Microsoft Excel was utilised to analyse the data and capture results.ResultsFrom analysing the data, the following results were identified:80% of the sample cohort had a length of stay of 5 days following surgery. There were two outliers due to infection who had a length of stay of 14 days.90% of the sample received a pre-operative Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy assessment. This assessment included information gathering regarding the child's home and social environment; their functional baseline and anticipated post-operative needs. Standardised and non-standardised assessments were used.88.89% of those who completed a pre-operative assessment required referral to community Occupational Therapy teams for equipment provision (wheelchair, transfer aids) to allow for timely discharge.On average, each patient in the sample required 17 physiotherapy outpatient sessions prior to handover to the community teams.100% of our sample required post operation onward referral for MDT input in the community (Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy).ConclusionsThe importance of a multi-disciplinary approach towards family and children was highlighted in this study. A comprehensive pre-operative therapy assessment optimizes care for this cohort by preparing them in terms of equipment provisions, local team input and expectations for therapy. The data suggests future Limb Reconstruction team should include Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy as part of the multi-disciplinary team, in the treatment of children with Perthe's Disease. We suggest an MDT pre-assessment is completed to optimize patient care, reduce length of stay and improve patient satisfaction in the acute hospital setting.