Abstract
The two main ways to study the problem of evil are as follows: a) studying it as the logical problem of evil or the problem of the compatibility or incompatibility the existence of the God and the existence of evil; and b) evidential problem of evil. Suhrawardi tried to address both of these ways. The most important philosophical bases of the problem of evil in view of Suhrawardi are the following five ones: a) refutation of the humanism; b) accepting evil as a non-being; c) accepting the doctrine of the higher seeking nothing from the lower; d) dividing the contingent things based on the system of good and evil; e) accepting the doctrine that evil is the precondition of existence of higher good. By accepting the said principles, Suhrawardi solved the problem either way. In the first place, he demonstrated that evil is not inconsistent with the God by demonstrating omniscience of the God, and in the second place, he demonstrated that the existence of evil in the world would thus not be inconsistent with the existence of the God. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1s1p103
Highlights
Contemporary thinkers proposed two main readings of the problem of evil as follows: 1. The logical problem of evil
As a result of accepting this principle, existence of evil doesn’t contradict the God being pure good, and evil doesn’t challenge the wisdom of the God. c) Accepting evil as a non-being unreal thing that is not existential. d) Rational limitation on dividing creatures based on system of good and evil, as a result of which the God is established as pure good and it is proven that small evil is not inconsistent with attribute of being pure good. e) Accepting doctrine of the higher seeking nothing from the lower, which results in non-competency of the human to negate the absolute attributes of the God
Based on opinion of Suhrawardi, it can be said that; 1- Viewing the issue from a human-centered perspective, problem of evil is considered as was discussed above, otherwise, it should be concluded that the evil harms the man, the wellbeing and perfection may be dependent on such evil, and if the human could see the whole universe, they would not consider the evil people as evil, but would consider them as the good in the whole universe, in which the parts are connected in an intelligent system. 2- If there was no contradiction, the nature would not realize and survive, and this claim is experienced and understandable in the world based on what is seen in the nature and based on concept of the nature
Summary
Contemporary thinkers proposed two main readings of the problem of evil as follows: 1. The logical problem of evil All Muslim thinkers including Suhrawardi has adopted the second approach and tried to answer it in different ways. This doesn’t mean rejection or failure to consider the first way. The main challenge about problem of evil is resolved upon scrutiny on works of Surawardi about evil and his philosophical bases. Suhrawardi, the inventor or his interpretation of life is the light of wisdom, all ranks and degrees are analyzed in terms of light and darkness as well It can be said on the basis of philosophical, good and evil are the basic concepts of School of Illumination and evaluations are very important and necessary. Topics include discussion of good and evil "light and darkness" are proposed to be scattered among the works of Suhrawardi are observed
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