An alternative to sexual reproduction: artificial gametes and their implications for society.

Abstract

Artificial gametes (AGs) are cells that have been 'reprogrammed' to function as sperm or eggs. Such cells may in the future enable people who cannot produce gametes, to have genetically-related offspring. In this paper, I consider the prospect of AGs in the context of declining birthrates and postponed parenthood across the Western world. The data quoted in this paper is gathered from a range of sources, encompassing both scientific, demographic and philosophical work. Fertility decline in Western democracies is a widely recognised phenomenon, and postponement of parenthood is regarded as a significant contributing factor in this phenomenon. It is not clear at what point, if ever, AGs might come into clinical use. There is dispute as to what is the best approach to declining fertility rates in developed countries. Technologically-assisted reproduction is becoming a more common phenomenon as fertility rates fall and maternal age increases. AGs could offer new ways in which to prolong fertility. More research into the development of AGs is required. There is a need for close analysis of the possible causes of declining fertility and the ways in which societies might respond to these challenges.