An Alternative to Increase Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Grapevine Callus Cultures: Chemical Mutagen Applications

doi:10.7176/jbah/11-22-05

Abstract

This research was carried out to investigate the effects of chemical mutagens on producing phenolic compounds in calli obtained from Royal grape variety. Petioles were cultured in B5 medium (0.5 mg/L benzyl amino purine and 0.5 mg/L indole acetic acid) to obtain callus. Calli were subcultured in the same nutrient medium three times at one month intervals. In the fourth subculture, the calli were transferred to media with the same composition containing ethyl methanesulfonate, sodium azide, azacitidine and acridine orange in three different doses (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, and 2.0 mM) and cultured in these mediums for 60, 120 and 180 minutes and then they were cultured for four weeks in mutagen-free nutrient mediums with the same content as their previous mediums. After that total phenolic compound, total flavanol, total flavonol and anthocyanin analyzes were performed. As a result, all mutagens applied are effective in increasing the production of phenolic compounds depending on the dose and time. Keywords: Grapevine, Chemical mutagen, Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanin. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-22-05 Publication date: November 30 th 2021

Highlights

Plants produce "primary metabolites", which are necessary for their growth and development, as well as "secondary metabolites" from the intermediate products of these metabolism pathways
Application of acridine orange The first of the chemical mutagens applied in the study was acridine orange, and it was determined that this application was effective on the total phenolic compound, total flavanol, total flavonol, and anthocyanins in different ways (Table 1)
There are differences in metabolite accumulation according to the dose and duration of the mutagen in terms of total phenolic compound amount; It is seen that 60 minutes of 0.5 mM dose and 60 and 180 minutes of 2.0 mM dose are the most suitable combinations in terms of total phenolic compound

Summary

Introduction

Plants produce "primary metabolites" (carbohydrate, protein, fat, etc.), which are necessary for their growth and development, as well as "secondary metabolites" from the intermediate products of these metabolism pathways. Phenolic compounds are known to inhibit the formation of low-density lipoproteins (Frankel et al, 1995), have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases (Renaud et al, 1999; Gronbaek et al, 2000), and are among the important secondary metabolites with their antimicrobial (Nychas et al, 2003, Göktürk Baydar et al, 2004) and anticarcinogenic (Zhao et al, 1999; Waffo-Teguo et al, 2001) properties. They bind free radicals to themselves and prevent them from attacking nucleic acids, somatic cells, and the immune system (Han, 1997; Khalil et al, 2007). These compounds are used in the cosmetic industry with their anti-aging effects

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