Abstract
Rubble mound breakwaters are by far the most common type of breakwater, the importance of which is clearly reflected in the vast amount of published research. Especially, the hydraulic stability of the main armour layer has been studied in order to obtain reliable design equations. It should be straight forward to assume, that a relation between the exerted wave loads and the stability of the armour layer would be of major interest, but the normal approach to the problem has simply been to relate easy accessible wave parameters, e.g. wave height and period, directly to the single unit weight, thus leaving the wave loading in a black box. This approach is observed in all formulae including the well-known Hudson-type formulae and the Van der Meer formulae, see Table 1.
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