An alternative perspective on interpretation of the secondary motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Abstract

Objectives: Secondary motor symptoms of Parkinson disease, including slurred speech, swallowing dysfunction, masked face, reduced eye movement and micrographia, which observed in distal motor repertories (hands, fingers, jaw, mouth and feet), manifest an alteration of patterns of mechanical structure-function relationships of the system with the disrupted tensegrity equilibrium. Secondary motor symptoms indicate rigidity of minor parts of the body, decreased speed and amplitude. We propose that both cardinal and secondary motor symptoms, that find its manifestation in the different parts of the body and different levels of hierarchical organization, can be unified under the umbrella of rigidity. Tremor, which observed in distal motor repertories (hands, fingers, jaw, mouth and feet) indicate a disruption of tensegrity equilibrium, that may began in the lower level of hierarchy (autonomic organs) with a continuing progression to the higher levels of hierarchy.