Abstract
The measurement of the energy consumption of electrical appliances, where the meter is installed at a single point on the main input circuit of the building, is called non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). The NILM method can distinguish the loads that are currently active and break down how the loads consume electricity. A microcontroller with embedded software was selected to read the data into the NILM method process at a low sampling rate every 1 s or 1 Hz. The measured data and the data obtained by the NILM algorithm were displayed via an internet platform. This article presents an alternative low-cost embedded NILM system for household energy conservation with a low sampling rate, which could identify electrical appliances such as an air conditioner, refrigerator, television, electric kettle, electric iron, microwave oven, rice cooker, and washing machine. Four features of symmetry pattern were extracted, containing information on the value of active power change, the value of reactive power change, the number of intersection points between the active power data and the reference line, and an estimation of an equation for the starting characteristics of the electrical equipment. The proposed NILM system was tested in a selected test house that used a single-phase power system. A typical meter was also installed to compare the results with the proposed NILM. The validity of the tests was checked for 1 month in 3 houses to analyze the results. The proposed method was able to detect 91.3% of total events. The accuracy of the average ability of the system to disaggregate devices was 0.897. The accuracy value for total power consumption was 0.927. The continuous data recording of the NILM method provides information on the behavior of electrical appliances that can be used for maintenance and warnings.
Highlights
If electricity consumers want to check their electricity consumption, they can read it from the meter on the electricity pole or from the common meter board in their residential building, or they can check their electricity bill every month, which is unfavorable for energy conservation or management
non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) methods or indirect measurements focus on the use of a main electricity meter to indicate the operating status and energy consumption characteristics of electrical appliances [3]
We presented low-cost and real-time monitoring in a proposed NILM
Summary
If electricity consumers want to check their electricity consumption, they can read it from the meter on the electricity pole or from the common meter board in their residential building, or they can check their electricity bill every month, which is unfavorable for energy conservation or management. To achieve effective residential energy savings, a low-investment technology is needed that uses electrical power measurement, called non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). NILM methods or indirect measurements focus on the use of a main electricity meter to indicate the operating status and energy consumption characteristics of electrical appliances [3]. Eventbased algorithms can be classified into two categories as follows [14]: an event-based algorithm is a load signature detection algorithm that assumes that only one electrical device changes state at a given time, and a non-event-based algorithm in the case of a meter installation with a low reading frequency of once every 1–15 min is developed with a hidden Markov model to evaluate the operating conditions of the electrical device based on the total active power. Four features of symmetry patterns are extracted containing the following information: the value of symmetry change in active power (∆P), the value of symmetry change in reactive power (∆Q), the amount of incremental and decremental changes from a set of active power by estimated reference lines using polynomial equations, and equations for the starting characteristics of electrical appliances obtained via polynomial curve fitting
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