Abstract
A plastic crystal, solid electrolyte was prepared by mixing tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate salt, (C4H9)4NPF6, (10 molar %) with succinonitrile, SCN, (N C−CH2−CH2−C N), [SCN-10%TBA-PF6]. The resultant waxy material shows a plastic crystalline phase that extend from -36 °C up to its melting at 23 °C. It shows a high ionic conductivity reaching 4 × 10−5 S/cm in the plastic crystal phase (15 °C) and ~ 3 × 10−3 S/cm in the molten state (25 °C). These properties along with the high electrochemical stability rendered the use of this material as an electrolyte in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC). The EDLC was assembled and its performance was tested by cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge-discharge methods. Specific capacitance values in the range of 4-7 F/g. (of electrode active material) were obtained in the plastic crystal phase at 15 °C, that although compare well with those reported for some polymer electrolytes, can be still enhanced with further development of the device and its components, and only demonstrate their great potential use for capacitors as a new application.
Highlights
Plastic crystal electrolytes are a new class of materials that attracted a lot of attention due to their ability to deliver liquid-like conductivity within a flexible matrix and can be utilized as solid electrolytes in many electrochemical and photo-electrochemical applications (Angell, 1991; MacFarlane et al, 1999; Alarco et al, 2003)
Speaking, the ratio of the area of the two peaks is close to one indicating a moderate disorder compared to other plastic crystal electrolytes
We have demonstrated that plastic crystal electrolytes based on succinonitrile can be utilized in electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC)
Summary
Plastic crystal electrolytes are a new class of materials that attracted a lot of attention due to their ability to deliver liquid-like conductivity within a flexible matrix and can be utilized as solid electrolytes in many electrochemical and photo-electrochemical applications (Angell, 1991; MacFarlane et al, 1999; Alarco et al, 2003). The second is the finding that the non-ionic plastic crystal molecular succinonitrile can be doped with a large variety of salts to give plastic crystal electrolytes with room temperature conductivities above 1 mS/cm (Long et al, 2003; Alarco et al, 2004a). In this regard, succinonitrile can be thought of as a solid solvent considering its high dielectric constant (55 at 25°C) and the Gutmann donor number of 15 of its nitrile groups
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