An all-fiber system biosensor for trace β-lactam antibiotics detection enhanced by functionalized microfiber and fiber bragg grating

Abstract

An all-fiber-optic system for rapid detection of antibiotic concentration, based on an optical enzyme biosensor with microfiber interferometer (MFI) and fiber gratings (FBGs) power variation, is proposed and experimentally validated. During the experiment, β-lactamase(β-LS) is fixed on the polyaniline (PANI)-coated optical fiber by cross-linking through glutaraldehyde (GA) covalent bonding. β-LS can hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics to generate acidic by-products that transform polyaniline from the form of the emerald base to emerald salt, which results in the surface refractive index (RI) variation of MFI, to convert MFI wavelength and FBGs power macroscopic change for feedbackingly detecting the concentration of β-lactam antibiotics. The detection of amoxicillin (AMX) in deionized water at concentrations in the range of 0.01–100 nM resulted in a wavelength change sensitivity of 0.6 nm/nM, and FBGs power difference change sensitivity of 1.3 dB/nM, with a detection limit LOD = 0.04 nM in real food and urine samples. The sensing system by the same calibration technique can detect antibiotic concentrations in different substances (tap water, milk and artificial urine). This developed all-fiber-optic system can be used as a rapid solution for the measurement of β-lactam antibiotic residues in food and the environment.