Abstract
In this research work, biodiesel production by trans-esterification of three raw materials including virgin and used edible oil and non edible oil has been presented. A two step method following acidic and alkali catalyst was used for non edible oil due to the unsuitability of using the straight alkaline-catalyzed trans-esterification of high FFA present in rice bran oil. The acid value after processing for rice bran, cottonseed and waste cooking oil was found to be 0.95, 0.12 and 0.87 respectively. The influence of three variables on percentage yield i.e., methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time were studied at this stage. Cottonseed oil, waste cooking oil and rice bran oil showed a maximum yield of 91.7%, 84.1% and 87.1% under optimum conditions. Fuel properties of the three biodiesel satisfied standard biodiesel fuel results.
Highlights
Besides coal and natural gas, with the exception of hydroelectricity and nuclear energy, the petroleum resources have been supplying the world energy needs
The rising concerns on depleting reserves of these natural resources, which are predicted to be consumed by the end of the century and environmental problems that arise from the use of fossil fuel, have led the worldwide economy to endorse both the academic and industrial researchers to explore new sources of fuel [1]
The straight vegetable oils have been used in the past; due to the issues of high viscosity, deposit formation in the injection system and poor cold start, it is extremely important to reduce the viscosity of oil [2]
Summary
Besides coal and natural gas, with the exception of hydroelectricity and nuclear energy, the petroleum resources have been supplying the world energy needs. The advantage of transesterification is that it decreases the viscosity of the vegetable oils and improves the fuel properties of fatty acid esters. This is due to the fact that viscosity of vegetable oils is much higher. The major part in this energy consumption is industry and transportation sector. Transportation is the second largest energy consuming sector. The most of the fossil fuel consumption for transportation sector is oil consumption, which is around 97.6%. The major oil demand is expected to be raised for transportation sector [11]. The major source of energy is oil and it is expected to be the largest source of energy, but dependence on oil share for energy is expected to decrease by 5% from current till 2035 [11]
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