Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs), which have become a fundamental part of the automotive industry, were developed as part of concerted worldwide efforts to reduce dependency on fossil fuels due to their devastating effects on the environment. The aim of this study was to analyse a complete trip using an EV from Toronto to Ottawa (Canada) along Ontario’s Highway 401, considering that use of conventional vehicles powered by petrol or diesel allow one to make this trip without stops; using EVs, it is necessary to recharge the vehicle. For this purpose, an algorithm was developed for optimizing recharging stops during a complete trip. In particular, the simulations analysed the number of stops and specifically where it is possible to recharge taking into account the actual charging stations (CSs) located along the trip and the time of recharge during the stops as a function of the state of charge (SoC) of the vehicle. Using this approach, it was possible to evaluate the suitable coverage of the CSs on the stretch considered as well as to assess the main parameters that influence performance on the route.
Highlights
A network of highways has become a common feature in modern cities
For all the selected Electric vehicles (EVs), two tests were carried out; the first one was with a 100% initial state of charge (SoC), and the second one was with an initial SoC equal to 50%
There were different situations reported considering a differrent state of charge of the situations reported considering a differrent state of charge of the vehicle in the departure, 75 different vehicle in the departure, for example, when SOC was equal to 100% (Figure 7a) and SOC was equal for example, when to 50%
Summary
A network of highways has become a common feature in modern cities. Throughout the day, these highways facilitate the transportation of people and goods that enable the sustenance of lifestyles.When thinking of the word “road” today, it is common to have a mental picture of busy, congested lines of traffic and long commutes [1,2,3]. A network of highways has become a common feature in modern cities. Throughout the day, these highways facilitate the transportation of people and goods that enable the sustenance of lifestyles. When thinking of the word “road” today, it is common to have a mental picture of busy, congested lines of traffic and long commutes [1,2,3]. If one lives in a location that has well-maintained or little-used roads, perhaps one thinks of a peaceful two-lane road winding through the trees between distant cities [4]. Conferring to European Union law, highways and main roads have to be endangered by a safety screen barrier located on both faces of the two lines to prevent infiltrations into the asphalt. It is widespread to get instructive boards providing weather updates and information about the state of roads, accidents, and traffic conditions
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