Abstract
The article deals with the problem of inefficiency in using special economic zones (SEZ) as a tool for attracting direct investment in economic sectors. To solve this problem, the article identified the main quantitative indicators that reflect the negative trend. The purpose of the research was to study and analyze the existing special economic zones (SEZ) and clusters of the investment and construction sector (ICS), as well as their subsequent comparison based on geographical localization. The authors have developed a methodology for selecting clusters of ICS and SEZ. As a result of the scientific research, was developed the author’s methodology for selection clusters and special economic zones functioning in ICS, also were established characteristics and indicators for assessing the interaction and the possibility of implementing an investment project and the synergistic effect from including a SEZ resident in the ICS cluster. As the key methods to determine the effect of interaction were used questioning and expert assessment. The authors propose to develop an algorithm for interaction between clusters of investment and construction sector (ICS) enterprises and residents of special economic zones for the joint investment and construction projects (ICP) implementation to solve the unused zonal infrastructure capacity problem and for assessing the synergistic effect of being included in ICS cluster a SEZ resident with important competitive advantages. Special attention is paid to land usage as the most important resource in the construction projects implementation. Conclusions are drawn about the need for changes in the SEZ and its structural elements management.
Highlights
Nowadays, special economic zones (SEZ) are one of the most complex and costly tool for attracting direct investment in promising sectors of the national economy [7, p.4]
The practical significance lies in the development of an algorithm that can be applied in practice for investment and construction sector (ICS) clusters when interacting with SEZ residents in the implementation of joint investment and construction projects (ICP), as well as for assessing the synergistic effect of integrating a resident into a cluster
The authors of the article believe that the value of algorithm developed consists in its ability to solve the problems of unused capacities SEZ infrastructure [7, p. 19] and of building up empty land [7, p. 19]
Summary
Special economic zones (SEZ) are one of the most complex and costly tool for attracting direct investment in promising sectors of the national economy [7, p.4]. The Accounts chamber of the Russian Federation does not recognize the special economic zones effectiveness as a "locomotive" of economic development [20]: "Preferential regimes do not have breakthrough impact on the economy, it is difficult to give a full assessment of their effectiveness," reads the report on the practice of preferential regimes in force in the territory of the Russian Federation [4]. The main conclusions reached by the Accounts Chamber are: it is necessary to accelerate the federal law development, which would set out a single mechanism describing the procedure for the SEZ territory development with an emphasis on supporting significant economic specializations; review and develop managing the SEZ mechanisms [4] According to the data published in the annual publication "Business Navigator for special economic zones of Russia-2020", about 60-67% of suitable land remains unused, technical infrastructure (gas, water, electricity) is loaded on average only by 40-45 %, while the share of used administrative premises is almost 90% [7, p. 19], which is an alarming sign and may indicate some trouble in the special economic zones’ management.
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