An Air Mass Transformation Model for Short-Range Weather Forecasting

Abstract

Abstract A model has been constructed for the purpose of forecasting at specific places the potential temperature, the specific humidity and the depth of the boundary layer. The model, an Air Mass Transformation model (AMT model), consists of a trajectory model and a one-dimensional boundary layer model. The horizontal and vertical advection of air masses is described by trajectories. The trajectories are computed from the analyzed geostrophic wind fields of a large-scale grid-point model. The lowest trajectory advects the air in the boundary layer. The air-mass transformations in the boundary layer are described by a simple boundary layer model. During unstable conditions, a slab model is used; during stable conditions, linear potential temperature profiles and humidity profiles are assumed. Along the lowest trajectory, the surface fluxes of heat and water vapor are computed from a simple parameterization scheme. The initial conditions for the state of the boundary layer are obtained from an analysis sch...