Abstract
Current power grids in many countries are not fully prepared for high electric vehicle (EV) penetration, and there is evidence that the construction of additional grid capacity is constantly outpaced by EV diffusion. If this situation continues, then it will compromise grid reliability and cause problems such as system overload, voltage and frequency fluctuations, and power losses. This is especially true for densely populated areas where the grid capacity is already strained with existing old infrastructure. The objective of this research is to identify the zip-code level electricity consumption that is associated with large-scale EV adoption in New York City, one of the most densely populated areas in the United States (U.S.). We fuse the Fisher and Pry diffusion model and Rogers model within the agent-based simulation to forecast zip-code level EV diffusion and the required energy capacity to satisfy the charging demand. The research outcomes will assist policy makers and grid operators in making better planning decisions on the locations and timing of investments during the transition to smarter grids and greener transportation.
Highlights
Electric Vehicles (EVs) consist of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid ElectricVehicles (PHEVs), and both are required to be charged from the power grids [1,2,3]
The focus is to identify the zip-code level electricity consumption associated with large-scale EV adoption in New York City, which is one of the most densely populated areas in the U.S Considering the complexity of the problem, there are many uncertainties regarding the factors affecting the market share of EVs [41]
We have integrated an agent-based framework with a threshold model to simulate the spatial distribution of EV adoption in a local populated area and assessed the impacts of EV charging load on the electric distribution grid
Summary
Electric Vehicles (EVs) consist of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid ElectricVehicles (PHEVs), and both are required to be charged from the power grids [1,2,3]. The current power grids in many countries are not fully prepared for high EV penetration, and the construction of additional grid capacity is constantly outpaced by EV diffusion [6,7,8,9] If this situation continues, it will compromise grid reliability and cause problems, such as voltage and frequency fluctuations and power losses [10,11,12]. It will compromise grid reliability and cause problems, such as voltage and frequency fluctuations and power losses [10,11,12] This is especially true for densely populated areas, as shown in Figure 2 [13,14], where the grid capacity is already strained with the existing infrastructure
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