Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases are mainly a group of bowel disorders which are generally associated with chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract due to the reason of an imbalance in the presence of the intestinal microbiota. Inflammatory bowel disease can have two different types based on their clinical pathology which are mainly Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Both of these clinical sub-types are most likely to be focussed among all of the inflammatory bowel diseases due to their increasing risk of incidence as well as associated difficulties in their treatment. However, the main cause of inflammatory bowel disease has not been cleared till the date but from last three decades, there is a hub of researchnes being going on to get a clear idea about the cause of disease. Among these studies most of researchers have found the role of Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain 2 genes in the pathophysiology of disease. For the treatment of ulcerative colitis, there are severalapproaches available, based on the severity of the disease. Aminosalicylates are used to treat mild disease, use of corticosteroids is the effective treatment in the moderate case whereas use of cyclosporine in severe disease. In Crohn’s disease, drug choices are dependent on both location and behavior ofthe disease. Nowadays, the advanced treatments have been included such as use of monoclonal antibodiesor fusion proteins including anti-TNF drugs as biological therapy of disease. Also the post treatment remission of this disease makes it more complicated to be cured.
Highlights
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases are mainly a group of bowel disorders which are generally associated with chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract due to the reason of an imbalance in the presence of the intestinal microbiota
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) include two distinnct entities i.e., ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) each having its own spectrum of presentations and clinical course [1]
Summary and Conclusion: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) occurs due to activation of immune system triggered by exposure of certain genetic as well as environmental factors to a person results in production of various inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and certain growth factors which increase the process of inflammation itself and cause the tissue destruction at that local site, which are the resulting pathophysiological characterstics of the disease
Summary
In order to better illustrate the relevance of each of the different IBD treatments, Table 1 compares different forms of treatment, mechanisms of action, patterns, and adverse effects of each form of therapy. IBD management with biological molecules, with monoclonal antibodies, possess greater specificity and direct mechanism of action, the greater cost of this therapy is still a barrier to be overcome For this reason, together with this being a therapy in early stages of development, these drugs are generally used as an alternative for patients that are refractory to corticosteroid and amino salicylates treatment [33]. It is already known that antibodies specific for TNF play a significant role in maintaining the remission of CD, in both severe and moderate forms of the disease These molecules were effective in inducing mucosal healing and clinical remission, decreasing the cases of hospitalization and surgical procedures in affected individuals [37]. Immunoglobulin responsible for the effector function of the antibody molecule [38]
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