An advanced dynamic adaptation of Newtonian equations of gravity.

Abstract

The equations for the general theory of relativity (GTR) have to date proved enormously successful. However, despite its success, there are a number of difficulties with GTR. Standard GTR predicts the formation of singularities in black holes, and it has enormous mathematical complexity. In this paper we find that the equations for GTR can be modified by mathematically defining the equations for the curvature of space-time, in terms of geodesics. Using these equations, we translate this curvature back into equations for an advanced Newtonian force of gravity. Using worked examples we show that such an advanced Newtonian equation can give results that agree very closely with GTR, but resolve the difficulties of standard GTR, including the formation of singularities. The formulation of this advanced Newtonian gravity can also potentially provide the basis for understanding the apparent missing mass of the Universe.