An advanced CoNb2O6 anode material with in-situ interstitial doping for high-rate lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Niobium-based bimetallic oxide, as a potential anode material for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries, has attracted much attention owing to its unique lithium intercalation channel. However, the poor conductivity and structural instability of such material severely limit its further application. In this paper, CoNb2O6 was prepared by a molten-salt method and was in-situ doped with high-valence V5+ ion in different proportions. Different from conventional substitutional doping, a small amount of interstitial doping is more conducive to the entry of V5+ into the gap, which leads to lattice expansion. With the increase of doping amount, elemental Nb5+ was gradually replaced by V5+, which then hinders the Li+ intercalation/de-intercalation to a certain extent. Based on the DFT and electrochemical tests, the interstitial-doped CNO-V0.005 nanoparticles has not only faster Li+ diffusion kinetics and lower energy barrier, but also delivers high discharge capacity with long cycling stability at high current density of 2000 mA g−1 (≈ 8C). After assembling the full cell with CNO-V0.005 and commercial LiFePO4 cathode material, the reversible capacity of 150.6 mAh g−1 could be achieved after 200 cycles at the current density of 1000 mA g−1, demonstrating its application potential in fast- charging lithium-ion batteries.