Abstract
Many receiver-based Preamble Sampling Medium Access Control (PS-MAC) protocols have been proposed to provide better performance for variable traffic in a wireless sensor network (WSN). However, most of these protocols cannot prevent the occurrence of incorrect traffic convergence that causes the receiver node to wake-up more frequently than the transmitter node. In this research, a new protocol is proposed to prevent the problem mentioned above. The proposed mechanism has four components, and they are Initial control frame message, traffic estimation function, control frame message, and adaptive function. The initial control frame message is used to initiate the message transmission by the receiver node. The traffic estimation function is proposed to reduce the wake-up frequency of the receiver node by using the proposed traffic status register (TSR), idle listening times (ILTn, ILTk), and “number of wake-up without receiving beacon message” (NWwbm). The control frame message aims to supply the essential information to the receiver node to get the next wake-up-interval (WUI) time for the transmitter node using the proposed adaptive function. The proposed adaptive function is used by the receiver node to calculate the next WUI time of each of the transmitter nodes. Several simulations are conducted based on the benchmark protocols. The outcome of the simulation indicates that the proposed mechanism can prevent the incorrect traffic convergence problem that causes frequent wake-up of the receiver node compared to the transmitter node. Moreover, the simulation results also indicate that the proposed mechanism could reduce energy consumption, produce minor latency, improve the throughput, and produce higher packet delivery ratio compared to other related works.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have gained a prolific attention in both academy and industry because of their wide-ranging applications, for example, health and remote monitoring/sensing [1,2].WSNs are mostly deployed randomly in hostile and inaccessible areas
In [25], the authors proposed a protocol named Receiver-Initiated X-Medium Access Control (MAC) with Tree Topology (TRIX-MAC). In this protocol, when the receiver node is in an “active” mode, it appends a new field into the preamble beacon message and periodically broadcasts it to the transmitter nodes
This period is called Idle Listening Time (ILT), which is the activity that consumes the most energy in the receiver-initiated MAC protocols
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have gained a prolific attention in both academy and industry because of their wide-ranging applications, for example, health and remote monitoring/sensing [1,2]. Duty cycling has been widely used to design an energy-efficient MAC protocol [7,14]. The duty cycle mechanism has been proposed in MAC protocol, which falls into synchronous or asynchronous [11,15,16,17,18]. The synchronous mechanism coordinates neighboring sensor nodes to minimize energy consumption. Under a less congested traffic load, a huge number of the available asynchronous MAC protocols minimize energy consumption. In the duty cycling approach, sensor nodes periodically wake-up and check for an incoming message from the available channel. An Adaptive Wake-up-interval to enhance Receiver-based Preamble Sampling MAC protocol (AWR-PS-MAC) is proposed in this paper.
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