Abstract
This paper proposes an adaptive protection scheme (APS) based on the original heap-based optimization (HBO) and a modified HBO (MHBO). APS is used to solve protection relays coordination problems that include directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) as well as the distance relay’s second zone times. The complexity of the coordination problem increases with the impact of distributed generators (DGs) switching (ON/OFF). Topological changes in grid configuration frequently occur in distributing networks, equipped with DGs, causing changes in the values and direction of short circuit currents. This issue becomes a challenge for protection systems to avoid relays miscoordination and save a network’s reliability. In the proposed MHBO, the Original HBO is modified by three points, population are divided into subgroups, then they are unified into one group gradually, those subgroups are exchanging some search agents between themselves, these search agents are called travelling agents, and the last one is about, upgrading an internal equation in the original algorithm. For validating the proposed relays coordination, the IEEE 8-bus test system, and the IEEE 14-bus distribution network are selected as case studies. The obtained simulated results of the proposed algorithm show better performance compared with those obtained by the previous algorithms.
Highlights
Published: 28 January 2022The area of protection is currently one of the most important fields in power systems.To protect transmission lines, both directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) and distance relays are generally used
Overcurrent relays (OCRs) generally operate based on the magnitude of the fault current, which is selected within parameters of the relay, whereas DOCRs incorporate the direction of the current flowing through the transmission line
All cases developed based on three-phase faults happened in both the near end and the far end of the following transmission lines: The first case is at the transmission line between the 3rd and 4th bus-bars
Summary
Both directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) and distance relays are generally used. Transmission lines are monitored by these protection relays from both ends. The occurrence of faults causes relays to activate trip scenarios [1]. Overcurrent relays (OCRs) generally operate based on the magnitude of the fault current, which is selected within parameters of the relay, whereas DOCRs incorporate the direction of the current flowing through the transmission line. DOCRs are more costly than traditional OCRs. DOCRs are more costly than traditional OCRs They are more advantageous than OCRs. they are more advantageous than OCRs Those kinds of relays must be set to operate as the backup, with a time delay greater than that of the primary relay [2]
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