Abstract
Electric vehicles powered by fuel cell and supercapacitor hybrid power sources are of great interest. However, the power allocation between each power source is challenging and the DC bus voltage fluctuation is relatively significant in cascaded PI control schemes. This paper develops a power control strategy with an adjustable cut-off frequency, using an artificial potential field, to adaptively split the load current between the fuel cell and the supercapacitor under various load conditions. The adaptive cut-off frequency is calculated by cutting the load frequency spectrum with an allocation ratio that changes with the supercapacitor state of charge. Therefore, the relatively lower frequency portion of the load current is provided by the fuel cell and the supercapacitor handles the higher frequency portion. To enhance the control performance of the DC bus voltage regulation against the load disturbance, a load disturbance compensator is introduced to suppress the DC bus voltage fluctuation when the load variation occurs, which is implemented by a feed-forward controller that can compensate the load current variation in advance. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated by extensive experiments.
Highlights
The urgent environmental issues and significant advances in today’s transportation sector are calling for green and sustainable solutions that can reduce CO2 emissions and keep acceptable driving performance compared with internal combustion engine vehicles
To make the filter-based method applicable for all driving conditions, an adaptive cut-off frequency has been proposed by several researchers. [32] implemented one off-line optimized cut-off frequency in battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system according to Journal of Energy Storage 44 (2021) 103341 the vehicle speed, road condition and load current, and the experimental results show good performance
To improve the FC performance and maintain a reasonable SC state of charge (SoC) level, the cut-off frequency is adaptively adjusted with consideration of the FC load characteristics and the SC SoC level; Second, to achieve a better tracking performance and the anti-disturbance of the DC-link voltage control, a feed-forward compensator is applied with a load disturbance observer to estimate the load current, which is applicable in cases where the load current is not measurable, or measurement error exists
Summary
The urgent environmental issues and significant advances in today’s transportation sector are calling for green and sustainable solutions that can reduce CO2 emissions and keep acceptable driving performance compared with internal combustion engine vehicles. [32] implemented one off-line optimized cut-off frequency in battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system according to Journal of Energy Storage 44 (2021) 103341 the vehicle speed, road condition and load current, and the experimental results show good performance. To improve the FC performance and maintain a reasonable SC SoC level, the cut-off frequency is adaptively adjusted with consideration of the FC load characteristics and the SC SoC level; Second, to achieve a better tracking performance and the anti-disturbance (load current) of the DC-link voltage control, a feed-forward compensator is applied with a load disturbance observer to estimate the load current, which is applicable in cases where the load current is not measurable, or measurement error exists.
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