Abstract
Understanding complex biological systems requires visualizing structures and processes deep within living organisms. We developed a compact adaptive optics module and incorporated it into two- and three-photon fluorescence microscopes, to measure and correct tissue-induced aberrations. We resolved synaptic structures in deep cortical and subcortical areas of the mouse brain, and demonstrated high-resolution imaging of neuronal structures and somatosensory-evoked calcium responses in the mouse spinal cord at great depths in vivo.
Highlights
Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Nature Methods on October 4th, 2021
We developed a compact adaptive optics module and incorporated it into two- and three-photon fluorescence microscopes, to measure and correct tissue-induced aberrations
Twophoton (2P) fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool for observing cells and biological processes under physiological conditions deep inside tissue
Summary
Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Nature Methods on October 4th, 2021. For one representative artificial aberration (Supplementary Fig. 2), both intensity and phase modulation successfully enabled corrections that substantially increased signal and improved resolution of fluorescent bead images, with higher signal recovery for smaller beads (23.7× for 0.5-μm-diameter bead versus 3.7× for 10-μm-diameter bead).
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