Abstract
COVID-19 was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It mainly affects the respiratory system and can lead to the death of the patient. The motivation for this study was the current pandemic situation and general deficiency of emergency mechanical ventilators. The paper presents the development of a mechanical ventilator and its control algorithm. The main feature of the developed mechanical ventilator is AmbuBag compressed by a pneumatic actuator. The control algorithm is based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which integrates both neural networks and fuzzy logic principles. Mechanical design and hardware design are presented in the paper. Subsequently, there is a description of the process of data collecting and training of the fuzzy controller. The paper also presents a simulation model for verification of the designed control approach. The experimental results provide the verification of the designed control system. The novelty of the paper is, on the one hand, an implementation of the ANFIS controller for AmbuBag pressure control, with a description of training process. On other hand, the paper presents a novel design of a mechanical ventilator, with a detailed description of the hardware and control system. The last contribution of the paper lies in the mathematical and experimental description of AmbuBag for ventilation purposes.
Highlights
COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global world pandemic with an exponential growth rate
From the clinical point of view, artificial lung ventilation (ALV) comes with potential risks and complications, which need to be known in order to get suitable clinical results [7]
From the moment COVID-19 officially appeared in Central Europe (February 2020), our research team from Cognitics Lab started work on our own low-cost mechanical ventilator
Summary
COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global world pandemic with an exponential growth rate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) [2], up to now (January 2021), COVID-19 has reached 2.16% mortality from all infected subjects. The ventilation systems are frequently the main reason critically ill patients require transfer to the critical care units [5]. The process of mechanical ventilation controls the flow, volume, and pressure of air and gases to a patient’s lung [6]. An artificial lung ventilation (ALV) represents the way of respiration. ALV is either used for short-term or long-term support for patients with serious damage of their respiration system. From the clinical point of view, ALV comes with potential risks and complications, which need to be known in order to get suitable clinical results [7]
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