Abstract

Modern power system becomes a complex system consisted with various load and power stations. Therefore, it may spread into some areas of power system in neighborhood, and so a load frequency control (LFC) is a necessity device to regulate the frequency of the power system by distributing the load to the generating units and controlling tie-line power interchange between areas. The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into a power grid has presented important issues about stability and security of power system. In such conditions, the use of conventional LFC may not be sufficient to protect the power system against the power changes. In this chapter, an adaptive LFC controller is proposed using the least square method (LSM). The controller adopts an internal model control (IMC) structure in two scenarios, i.e., static controller gain with adaptive internal model and both the adaptive controller gain and adaptive internal model. A two-area power system is used to test and to validate both performance and the effectiveness of this controller through some case studies.

Highlights

  • Demand load in a power system is continuously varied by the time and the change of the active and reactive power demand has introduced generator-load mismatching power

  • A load frequency control (LFC) is an essential device to back up the automatic generation control (AGC) to keep the frequency stable during power system operation [2]

  • We present adaptive LFC methods based on internal model control (IMC) controller structure, where the internal model is adaptively updated online in IMC type 1, while both internal model and Model predictive control (MPC) controller gain are restructured in IMC type 2 by using the least square method

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Summary

Introduction

Demand load in a power system is continuously varied by the time and the change of the active and reactive power demand has introduced generator-load mismatching power. Smart grid technology is well developed, and it currently has been widely used in the power system operation due to the need for integrating renewable energy to the existing power grid. Penetration of the renewable energy resources such as solar generations and wind turbines to the power grid has introduced significant issues of stability and security of the power system. Frequency stability is a major issue in the power system operation due to continuous output change of the renewables. A load frequency control (LFC) is an essential device to back up the automatic generation control (AGC) to keep the frequency stable during power system operation [2]

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