Abstract
Today’s commercial forced exercise platforms had been validated not as a well-designed rehabilitation environment for rats with a stroke, for the reason that rat with a stroke cannot take exercise at a constant intensity for a long period of time. In light of this, this work presented an adaptive, fall-free ischemic stroke rehabilitation mechanism in an animal model, which was implemented in an infrared-sensing adaptive feedback control running wheel (IAFCRW) platform. Consequently, rats with a stroke can be safely rehabilitated all the time, and particularly at full capacity for approximately one third of a training duration, in a completely fall-free environment according to individual physical differences by repeated use of an acceleration/deceleration mechanism. The performance of this platform was assessed using an animal ischemic stroke model. The IAFCRW therapy regimen was validated to outperform a treadmill and a conventional running wheel counterpart with respect to the reduction in the neurobehavioral deficits caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). IAFCRW is the first adaptive forced exercise training platform short of electrical stimulation-assistance in the literature, and ischemic stroke rats benefit more in terms of the behavioral tests run at the end of a 3-week rehabilitation program after a stroke thereby.
Highlights
Medical expense in ischemic stroke patents has long been considered a huge burden to health care companies in many countries, and patients often experience difficulty performing their activities of daily living[1,2]
Behavior test is known to be used to determine the severity of neurological motor dysfunction in rats after a stroke or middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo)
As illustrated in Fig. 7(A,B), the infraredsensing adaptive feedback control running wheel (IAFCRW) group was found to outperform the rest of the lesioned groups in terms of the average score received in the modified neurologic severity scores (mNSSs) and the beam walking test over the 28-day period after injury
Summary
Medical expense in ischemic stroke patents has long been considered a huge burden to health care companies in many countries, and patients often experience difficulty performing their activities of daily living[1,2]. Previous studies suggested that the stress response to electrical shocks in treadmills resulted in adverse physiological injuries, such as adrenal hypertrophy, splenic atrophy and circulating corticosterone[22,23,24]. For those taking a rehabilitation program, stress response could be a destructive factor to their recovery[13], and is as well an uncontrolled parameter that can affect the final neurological outcomes. This study reviewed a number of running wheel platforms that were developed to assist in the effective recovery of rats with an ischemic stroke but short of electric shock. Utilizing an IR sensor-embedded wheel module to detect the running position of a rat, an acceleration/deceleration mechanism was enabled in such a way that rats were rehabilitated well in a completely fall-free environment, and adaptively within their capacity for an improved motor function recovery and a reduced cerebral infarct volume
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