Abstract
The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is unable to represent the directional features of an image. Similarly, a fixed embedding strength is not able to establish an ideal balance between imperceptibility and robustness of a watermarked image. In this work, we propose an adaptive embedding strength watermarking algorithm based on shearlets’ capture directional features (S-AES). We improve the watermarking algorithm in the domain of DWT using non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST). The improvement is made in terms of coping with anti-geometric attacks. The embedding strength is optimized by artificial bee colony (ABC) to achieve higher robustness under the premise of satisfying imperceptibility. The principle components (PC) of the watermark are embedded into the host image to overcome the false positive problem. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better imperceptibility and strong robustness against multi-attacks, especially those of high intensity.
Highlights
With the development of the Internet, the amount of image data being transmitted has significantly increased
As presented in the literature, the multiscale and multidirectional characteristics of shearlet transform makes up for the deficiency posed by Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) transform, and the embedding strength is accomplished by using a suitable optimization algorithm to achieve robustness
In this work, an adaptive embedding strength watermarking algorithm based on shearlets’ capture directional features (S-AES) is proposed
Summary
With the development of the Internet, the amount of image data being transmitted has significantly increased. Ansari [9] embeds the watermark’s principal components into the singular value matrix of the host image to solve the false positive problem. In this algorithm, the image matrix is reconstructed directly after the watermark is embedded. As presented in the literature, the multiscale and multidirectional characteristics of shearlet transform makes up for the deficiency posed by DWT transform, and the embedding strength is accomplished by using a suitable optimization algorithm to achieve robustness. The multi-resolution characteristics of DWT and multi-directional characteristics of shearlet transform increases the resistance ability against common attacks and geometric attacks and optimize the embedding strength by ABC.
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