Abstract
The increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy resources in micro-grids poses several issues, such as stochastic power generation, demand and supply miss-match, frequency fluctuation, and economic dispatch problems. To address such critical issues, a distributed secondary control scheme based for micro-grids with varying operating cost and intermittent renewable energy resources is proposed for frequency regulation and economic load dispatch. The paper presents an adaptive distributed averaging integral control scheme with conditional uncertainties, namely varying operating costs, and renewable intermittency. The proposed control scheme adapts to the uncertainties by updating the control law parameters dynamically and can maintain overall network stability. The distributed control scheme employs communication channels for exchange of generation data from the neighboring power units for optimal power sharing and consensus among the power units. An additional controller at tertiary control layer of the hierarchical control architecture is also augmented in the control structure to economically dispatch the load and the consensus-based algorithm guarantees optimal load sharing. The proposed communication based control scheme reveals the best combination of performance and flexibility. A performance-based comparative analysis is also presented, validating the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme compared to the prior works. The robustness and performance of the proposed control scheme is illustrated through computer simulations.
Highlights
Motivated by the technological, economic and environmental aspects, the integration of renewable energy resources in power networks is increasing globally
An Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) optimization problem for a given system determines the optimal combination of power generated by each Distributed Generating Units (DGUs), which curtails the overall operating cost of power units while meeting up with the load requirements and operational constraints
We have designed an adaptive control scheme for the Distributed Averaging-based Integral (DAI) controlled micro-grid in (11) to with-stand the uncertainties occurring due to the intermittency of renewable power units
Summary
Economic and environmental aspects, the integration of renewable energy resources in power networks is increasing globally. The authors in [1] discusses a power grid with intermittent renewable energy resources and propose a compound control strategy for frequency regulation using model predictive control and distributed leader-follower consensus control schemes. The paper presents an adaptive DAI controlled micro-grid with a variable operating cost of power units and renewable intermittency. Such disturbances are subjected to the model network at several time intervals to present the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed controller. A secondary frequency adaptive DAI control scheme for micro-grids is modeled to overcome the varying operating cost and renewable intermittency uncertainties. For A ∈ m×m such that A > 0 meaning A is a symmetric positive definite matrix
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